Prior to the
alleged ratification of the 14th Amendment, there was no legal
definition of a "citizen of the United States," as everyone had primary
citizenship in one of the several states. The Constitution referred to
the sovereign state citizen, and no one else. Those who went to
Washington, D.C. or outside the several states were commonly called
"citizens of the United States." In the Constitution for the United States, the term was used to identify state citizens who were eligible
under the suffrage laws to hold office, and they were required under the
Constitution to have primary allegiance to one of the several states.